2011年10月28日星期五

Beyond its gardens to the west, outside the walls of Paris

Bartholomew's Day (1572); the Day of the Barricades (1588), when the Catholic Rosetta Stone Arabic League rose against Henry III; and the long resistance of the Parisians to the Protestant Henry of Navarre, who succeeded as Henry IV in 1589. Henry IV's siege in 1590 was unsuccessful, and only after his conversion to Catholicism did Paris submit to him (1594).In Louis XIII's reign (161043) Paris expanded farther. On the Left Bank, outside the wall, the queen mother, Marie de Mdicis, built the Luxembourg Palace, with its spacious gardens; along the Right Bank, west of the Tuileries, she laid out the Cours-la-Reine as a promenade for carriages. While the Marais north of the Place Royale was being reclaimed and developed, two uninhabited islets east of the cit were united to form the le Saint-Louis. On the western fringe of the town, a quarter with straight streets was laid out north of Richelieu's new palace, the Rosetta Stone Arabic Palais-Cardinal (162436; later the Palais-Royal), which also had a magnificent garden; west of this there was more building and a new fortification was erected.The war of the Fronde (164853) was the major event of the first two decades of Louis XIV's reign. From 1661, when Cardinal Mazarin died and Louis started his personal rule, Paris was dedicated to reflecting the glory of the monarch, even though he was early resolved to establish himself and the seat of his government outside of Paris (he chose Versailles). For the planning of the new splendours of Paris, the greatest part of the credit must go to Jean-Baptiste Colbert, the king's superintendent of buildings.Work on the Louvre had been resumed in 1624 and was completed by Claude Perrault's magnificent colonnade (166774). The Tuileries Palace was altered Rosetta Stone America English and sumptuously decorated.

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